Cars by Type
Cars by Era
Cars by Brand
Technology & Terminology
Editorials
About
Privacy

Terms & Technology

Automotive Technology

An Explanation of Hood Scoops
Hotchkiss Drive
Early Automatic Transmissions:
MacPherson Strut Suspension
Turbocharging and Supercharging

Terms and Definitions

Defining the Supercar and Muscle Car
From Pillar to Post: More Automotive Definitions
A Weighty Issue: Shipping Weight and Curb Weight
The German Way: DIN Horsepower Ratings
Understanding Gross vs. Net Horsepower Ratings
Definitions: Homologation
Doing the Twist: Horsepower, Torque, and Automotive Performance
What is a coupe?
What is a hardtop?

Biographies

Oscar Banker, Inventor
Henry Martyn Leland, Founder of Cadillac and Lincoln

Updated: October 22, 2018 — 9:14 pm

Administrative Pages

About the Site
Terms of Use
Privacy Policy
Cookie Notice
Your California Privacy Rights
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
Privacy Tools
Older Privacy Policy Revisions
Reprint/Reuse Policy
Financial Transactions Policy
Contributing to the Site
Photos Wanted
Site Map

Contact Us

Contact Information and Contact Form
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
Advertise on Ate Up With Motor
Image Authorization Form
Follow Us on Twitter @ateupwithmotor

Analytics Opt-Out

This website uses Google Analytics. Even if you’ve previously consented to the use of analytics, you can set a cookie on your current device/browser to opt out of analytics tracking by the Ate Up With Motor website by clicking the link below:

Disable Google Analytics Tracking

(Google Analytics is a trademark of Google LLC.)

Recent Comments

Ralph on Last Time Around: The 1971–1976 Cadillac Eldorado Convertible
Jason Dawson on Whatever Happened to Ate Up With Motor?
Aaron Severson on The Unlikely Studebaker: The Birth (and Rebirth) of the Avanti
Milton Antonick on The Unlikely Studebaker: The Birth (and Rebirth) of the Avanti
Milton Antonick on Fish Story: The Plymouth Barracuda (Part One)

Search Ate Up With Motor

Search for:

Recent Policy Updates

This website's Terms of Use and Privacy Policy are updated periodically. The effective dates of the current versions are:

Terms of Use: December 14, 2020
Privacy Policy: January 17, 2021

If the dates above are newer than the last version(s) you reviewed, please take a moment to have a look at the current version(s). Clicking on the dates shown above should jump directly to the "Recent Revisions" summary at the bottom of each page.

FTC Disclosure Notice

Paid advertising and sponsored links on Ate Up With Motor will be identified with words such as "Sponsor," "Sponsors," "Sponsored Link(s)," "Sponsored Content," "Advertisement," "Advertisement(s)," or "Paid Promotion" (or by images or icons containing such words). In the event we receive any compensation or consideration for any other content on this site, the nature of that compensation will be disclosed as part of the applicable content and/or otherwise adjacent to it (typically on the final page of a multi-page article).

Except as otherwise noted, all text and images are copyright © Aaron Severson dba Ate Up With Motor. Ate Up With Motor, its logo, and other associated icons and graphics are trademarks and/or service marks of Aaron Severson dba Ate Up With Motor. Other trade names, trademarks, and service marks are the property of their respective owners and are used here for purposes of identification, description, and/or commentary.
(Terms of Use – Reprint/Reuse Policy – Privacy Policy – Cookie Notice – Your California Privacy Rights – Do Not Sell My Personal Information)

Ate Up With Motor and its third-party content providers use cookies (and similar technologies) and collect personal information about visitors as described in the Privacy Policy and Cookie Notice. To learn more about the specific cookies used and/or to fine-tune your available choices, click "Privacy Preferences" at the right. (If you need to review or change these settings after you accept, you can do so from the Privacy Tools page.) California residents can also opt-out of the sale of their personal information through the Do Not Sell My Personal Information page.

Privacy Preference Center

Privacy Policy

Consent Management

Privacy Policy

Required

You read and agreed to our Privacy Policy. (You must agree to use this website.)

Password-Protected Posts

Accessing certain posts or pages on this website may require you to enter a specific password. If you correctly enter the password, the site saves this cookie on your device to allow you access to the password-protected post or page. (For this cookie, "xx" will be a cryptographic hash.) The cookie normally expires in about 10 days and is not set at all if you do not access any password-protected content.

Cookies Used

Required

wp_postpass_xx

Commenting

When you submit a comment, you may have the option save your information for future comments, storing the info in these cookies. (For each of these cookies, "xx" will be a cryptographic hash.) The cookies are not set at all unless you select that option when submitting a comment. They normally expire in just under one year, but you can delete the cookies in your browser at any time. (These cookies are not usually set for administrative users, since comments they submit while logged in are associated with their user ID number and user profile information rather than a manually entered name and email address.)

Cookies Used

Required

comment_author_xx, comment_author_email_xx, comment_author_url_xx

Privacy and Cookie Preferences

These cookies manage your cookie and privacy preferences. There will typically be several such cookies, each beginning with "gdpr" (e.g., gdpr[allowed_cookies], gdpr&5Bprivacy_bar&5D, and gdpr[consent_types]). They normally expire after about one year. If you delete or disable these cookies, your existing preferences will be lost and you may not be able to save your privacy settings for this website. (These cookies may not be set at all for administrative users unless they access the publicly visible portions of the website.)

Cookies Used

Required

gdpr, gdpr[allowed_cookies], gdpr&5Bprivacy_bar&5D, gdpr[consent_types]

Google Analytics

These first-party cookies enable Google Analytics to gather information about visitors and how they use the Ate Up With Motor website. The cookieconsent_status cookie records whether or not you've consented to analytics tracking and tells the website to hide the notification banner; the cookie normally expires after about one year. The _ga and _gid cookies, which are only placed if you click "Accept/Enable" in the notification banner, are used by Google Analytics to track your activity on the site. They may persist for up to two years. The _gat cookie, which may appear as _gat_gtag_UA_6113964_2, is sometimes set along with the _ga and _gid cookies; it is a short-lived "throttling" cookie, typically persisting for only a few minutes at a time, that is used to control how frequently requests are sent to the Google Analytics server. (These cookies may not be set at all for administrative users unless they access the publicly visible portions of the website, as we do not currently use Google Analytics on the site's administrative dashboard or login page.)

The "Online Tracking" section of the Privacy Policy offers more information about how the analytics service works and describes some ways you can disable analytics tracking, including a Google-supplied browser add-on. If you clicked "Disable Tracking" on the notification banner that appeared near the top of your screen when you arrived, you've already disabled Google Analytics tracking by the Ate Up With Motor website! (Google Analytics is a trademark of Google LLC; Google is a registered trademark of Google LLC.)

Cookies Used

Required

cookieconsent_status, _ga, _gid, _gat, _gat_gtag_UA_6113964_2

Disable Google Analytics Tracking

This cookie is set when you click the Disable Google Analytics Tracking link. If you set the cookie, Google Analytics will no longer track your use of the Ate Up With Motor website, even if you previously consented to analytics tracking. (Please note that this cookie affects only your current device/browser; works ONLY on the Ate Up With Motor website, not on other websites or online services using Google Analytics; and cannot prevent our third-party content providers from using Google Analytics in connection with content such as embedded video players.) The cookie normally remains on your device for as long as your browser settings permit. (Google Analytics is a trademark of Google LLC; Google is a registered trademark of Google LLC.)

Cookies Used

Required

ga-disable-UA-6113964-2

Accessibility Settings

If you change certain aspects of the site's appearance using the accessibility sidebar, it may set these cookies to manage and remember your settings. The wahFontColor and wahBgColor cookies, which are set if you alter the site's color scheme, normally expire after about 14 days, but you can remove them immediately by clicking the "Restore Defaults" button on the sidebar.

We may sometimes present an alternative version of the sidebar offering different options, which may set the a11y-desaturated, a11y-high-contrast, and/or a11y-larger-fontsize cookies if you change those settings. These a11y cookies normally expire after about seven days, but are removed immediately if you restore the applicable settings to their default values.

Cookies Used

Required

wahFontColor, wahBgColor, a11y-desaturated, a11y-high-contrast, a11y-larger-fontsize

PayPal® Button

The payment button in the "Support Ate Up With Motor" box (and similar payment or donation buttons that may appear on portions of the administrative dashboard, which is not normally accessible except to logged-in administrative users) contains embedded content served by PayPal®. If the payment button is visible, it may set the third-party cookies PYPF (via paypalobjects.com), which appears to check whether or not you are a logged-in PayPal user and is probably used to facilitate the PayPal user login process, and/or 01A1 (via abmr.net), which stores certain technical information about your device and browser, probably to facilitate the login and shopping cart functions. The PYPF cookie normally expires in approximately four weeks, the 01A1 cookie in approximately one year.

If you use the buttons to make a payment or donation, PayPal sets additional cookies (not listed here) to manage your PayPal login and transaction data (and potentially also for various other purposes, such as user analytics and/or advertising). For more information on what data PayPal collects and what they do with it, visit their Legal Agreements for PayPal Services page to review the PayPal Privacy Statement and Statement on Cookies and Tracking Technologies that apply in your location. (PayPal is a registered trademark of PayPal, Inc. All button icons, custom graphics, logos, page headers, and scripts related to the PayPal services are service marks, trademarks, and/or trade dress of PayPal or PayPal's licensors.)

You can hide the "Support Ate Up With Motor" box and prevent the loading of its embedded content by switching the toggle switch for this category to "OFF." (At present, this setting does NOT affect the donation or payment buttons that may appear on portions of the back-end administrative dashboard, nor does hiding the box affect any cookies that may have already been set). This setting is stored in your browser in the gdpr[allowed_cookies] cookie described in "Privacy and Cookie Preferences" above, so if you delete that cookie or access the Ate Up With Motor website from a different device/browser, you will need to adjust the setting again if you still wish to hide the box.

Cookies Used

ON OFF

PYPF, 01A1

YouTube Videos

These third-party cookies may be set by YouTube (which is now owned by Google, superseding the now-defunct Google Video hosting service) in connection with embedded videos, for purposes such as (without limitation) managing video settings (such as tailoring the playback to your connection speed), storing video preferences, providing certain functionality such as allowing you to stop and restart a video without losing your place, showing you advertisements, associating your video viewing and other activity with your Google account (if any), ensuring proper functioning of the service, and/or compiling user analytics data. The cookies may be set by various domains, including (but not necessarily limited to) youtube.com, youtube-nocookie.com, googlevideo.com, ytimg.com, google.com, accounts.google.com, and/or doubleclick.net (which is part of the DoubleClick advertising service). Some are session cookies that expire when you close your browser; others may remain on your device as long as your browser settings permit. Some cookies Google sets in connection with your Google account and/or advertising served through YouTube (which may include others not listed here) are persistent cookies that may remain in your browser for as long as your individual browser settings permit. See Google's "Types of Cookies Used by Google" page for more information about the functions of their various cookies. To learn more about how Google uses the information they collect, see the Google Privacy Policy. (YouTube, Google Videos, and DoubleClick are trademarks of Google LLC. Google is a registered trademark of Google LLC.)

Cookies Used

Required

yt.innertube::nextId, yt.innertube::requests, yt-remote-cast-installed, yt-remote-connected-devices, yt-remote-device-id, yt-remote-fast-check-period, yt-remote-session-app, yt-remote-session-name, recently_watched_video_id_list, use_hotbox, demographics, GPS, LOGIN_INFO, PREF, VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE, YSC, AID, ANID, APISID, CONSENT, DSID, FLC, GAPS, IDE, NID, HSID, OTZ, SID, SNID, SIDCC, TAID, exchange_uid, 1P_JAR

Vimeo Videos

These third-party cookies may be set by Vimeo in connection with embedded videos, for purposes such as (without limitation) managing video settings, storing video preferences, providing certain functionality (such as allowing you to pause a video at a particular point), associating your video viewing and other activity with your Vimeo account (if you have one), showing you advertising, and/or compiling user analytics data. The cookies whose names begin with "_ga" and "_ut" are associated with Google Analytics (which is subject to the Google Privacy Policy); the ones whose names begin with "_ceg" are associated with the Crazy Egg web analytics service (which is subject to the Crazy Egg Privacy Policy); the ones that begin with "optimizely" are associated with the Optimizely digital experience optimization service (which is subject to the Optimizely Privacy Policy); and the ones beginning with "adsense" or listed in all caps are associated with Google AdSense and/or other Google advertising services (which are also subject to the Google Privacy Policy). The Vimeo Cookie Policy does not currently disclose the normal durations of their cookies, but some are persistent cookies that may remain in your browser for as long as your individual browser settings permit; some Google Analytics cookies can persist for up to two years. For more information about how Vimeo uses the information they collect, see the Vimeo Privacy Policy. (Vimeo is a trademark of Vimeo, Inc. AdSense and Google Analytics are trademarks of Google LLC; Google is a registered trademark of Google LLC. Crazy Egg is a trademark of Crazy Egg, Inc. Optimizely is a trademark of Optimizely, Inc., registered in the United States, EU, and elsewhere.)

Cookies Used

Required

_abexps, aka_debug, clips, continuous_play_v3, embed_preferences, has_logged_in, is_logged_in, jsessionID, player, search_click_position, Searchtoken, stats_end_date, stats_start_date, sst_aid, uid, v6f, vimeo, vuid, _ga, _gads, _utma, _utmb, _utmc, _utmv, _utmz,_ceg.s, _ceg.u, optimizelyBuckets, optimizelyEndUserId, optimizelySegments, adsense, adsenseReferralSourceId, adsenseReferralSubId, adsenseReferralUrl, adsenseReferralUrlQuery, S_adsense, APISID, GAPS, HSID, NID, N_T, PREF, SAPISID, SID, SNID, SSID

Administrative and Login Cookies

These functionality cookies are used to manage user logins and other WordPress administrative functions, such as post editing. If you are not an administrative user, they shouldn't normally be placed on your device at all unless you somehow access the login area, which is off-limits to non-administrators.

Accessing the login page places the wordpress_test_cookie (a session cookie that tests whether your browser will allow the cookies needed to log in and expires when you close your browser) and the itsec-hb-login-xx cookie (which expires after about one hour and helps protect the site against "brute force" attempts to hack user passwords).

Logging in sets the wordpress_logged_in_xx, wordpress_sec_xx, and/or wordpress_xx cookies, which store your user login credentials to allow access to the administrative dashboard and other administrative functions; these cookies expire in about 15 days if you click "Remember Me" when logging in, but if you don't, they normally expire when you close your browser (or, failing that, within about two days). The wp-settings-UID cookies store a logged-in user's configuration settings, while the wp-settings-time-UID cookies store the time those configuration settings were set; these cookies normally expire after about one year. One or more wp-saving-post cookies may be placed while creating and/or editing posts or pages, to help manage version control and the autosave feature; these cookies normally expire after about 24 hours. The wp-donottrack_feed cookie, which controls a blog feed, may be set by accessing the dashboard menu for the WP DoNotTrack plugin (if we currently have that plugin enabled); this cookie normally expires in about one year.

For all of these administrative and login cookies, the "xx" will be a cryptographic hash while "UID" will be the administrative user's user ID number in this website's WordPress database. (WordPress is a registered trademark of the WordPress Foundation.)

Cookies Used

Required

wordpress_test_cookie, itsec-hb-login-xx, wordpress_sec_xx, wordpress_logged_in_xx, wordpress_xx, wp-settings-UID, wp-settings-time-UID, wp-saving-post, wp-donottrack_feed

Font Resize

Accessibility by WAH